France and Napoleon

France and Napoleon

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◩ Last Burbon Rules of France

- Louis XIV(1638-r) "Sun king"

-- Louis XiV had extravagant taste

-- His wars were expensive

-- The Edit of Fontainebleau revoked the Edit of Nantes, Huguenots (mostly from the working class) move out

- Louis XV(1710)

-- Ineffective ruler isnce the age of five

-- Great- grandson of Louis XIV(parent died)

 

◩ Louis XVI(1754)

- Grandson and successor of Louis XV, reigned 1774-92)

- inherited a financially broken, physically hungry nation

- His minor concessions and reforms in the face of the emerging French Revolution proved disastrous

- Edict of Toleration of 1787 for Protestants (seem as heretical French people)

-- No political rights

-- Conceded some civil rights

-=-- Protesant can practice their relition

--- Marry before local officials

--- Register the births of their children

- could not openly practic their religion pubicly

- As the Revolution became more extereme,....

 

◩ The French Revolution(1789-1790)

- the revolution began with the meeitng of the legislative aswsembly (the states General) in May 1789

- the bastille (state prison) was stormed on July 14, 1789 of the same year, why?

-- Government closed the doors

-- Ordered the Assembly to break up

-- Hunger continued so spread

- They published "Declaration of the Rights of man and the Citizens"

-- Important document on human rights

-- 17 articles approved by the National by the National Assembly of France

- Dated August 26, 1789

 

◩ Equal rights include everbody?

1. religion -" non- Catholics"? Originally just meant Protestants

a. Protestants(Dec. 24. 1789)

b. Jews(sep. 27, 1791)

- Were Jews, French? 40,000 people

- could practice their faith openly

- Lived as a separte nation within france because they lived in a separate community with permission from the king

--- they governed their own community

--- decide their own cases

--- Restrictions on trade, living areas, and professions

2. occupation - actors, executioners(Dec. 24, 1789)

3. sex and family - women, children(1789 additional conditions to original)

a. age of majority : 25 years old

b. no women's voting rights

1. right to divorce

2. right to inherit equally

4. peoperty owners- men without property (all men could vote by Apr. 4. 1792 except servants and unemployed)

5. None tax paying people- foreigners and unemployed

6. Domestic servants

7. Black people

a. Free blacks had equal political rights in 1792

b. Slavery (colonies included) was abolished in 1794

1. reinstituted by Naploeon in 1802

2. Abolished again in 1848

 

 

◩ Edmund Burke(1729-97)

- British writer and Whig politician

- Worte on issued of political emancipation and moderation

- Understood the basis for America's need for independence

- Against the French Revolution

 

The Reign of Terror

 

◩ Political Results

- The revolution sacred other countries with monarchies

- France is at war with other countries(at France

's instigation) beginning with Italy

-- took pape Pius VI as prisioner(and he died as one)

-- Invaded Vienna

- The revolution failed to produce a stable form of republican government

- the Directory (a 5-man excutive team) was overthrown by Napoleon in 1799

 

◩ The revoltion and the church

-1. Split the church- members could not agree on how to respond to the movement

2. Questioned the church

- those who did not subscribe to the movement were no longer supported by the state

- Suspected of counterrevolutionary activities

3. Suppressed the church(even after the reign of Terror)

- those who did not swear at the altar ....

 

◩ Napoleons

three rulers of France had the name, Napoleon

Napoleon I(176-1821)

II / III

 

◩ Great Powers of Europe during 1800s

- Treaty of Chaumont 1814, united the four main powers

-- Britain/ Austria/ prusia / Russia

- beat Napoleon

- met at the congress of Vienna(1814-1815)

 

 

 

 

◩ The republics and kingdoms of France

- 5 republics until now

 

◩ Nationalism after Napoleon and the French Revolution

- people became of aware of their national identiteis - cultural similarities / Linguistic similarities/ religious values

- People wanted to rule themselves - Democracy, Independence from foreign rulers

- Unsettled nationalism

- Italy/ Germany / the Habsburg Empire

- Wars

-- Crimean War(1854...)

 

◩ Conditions before 1848

- Europe In economic crisis- food shortage, unemployment, Debt

- Europe in a poitical crisis

- Europe in a national identity crisis

- Swiss civil war

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

◩ 1848 Revolutions

Italy

France

Germany

Austria-Hungary and Poland

Italy(again)

Denmark

the netherlands

Romania

 

 

◩ The New world after napoleon

- if the New World was owned by kings (patronate Real), and they were deposed by say, Napoleon(1810), what happens to the colonies?

 

- Then Napoleon is dethroned a couple of years later(1815). Who possesses the colonies now?

 

White people still at the top of the social hierarchy peninsulares(european) criolios and mestizos and mulatos, Blacks and indigenous people remained at the bottom.

- Zigzag independence of Latin American countries.