Church History_Late Medival Times (A.D. 15-16)

Church History

 

Late Medival Times (15-16)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anabatists

Protestant-Anglican(England) / Reformed(Presbyterian, Hugenots, Calvinist) / Lutheran

Roman Catholic Ch

 

 

<Peasants of Europe>

․ Rural farming villages of 500-700 people connected to an estate(usually nobility)

․ Mostly peasants, cloths made from wool or line

․ Poor hygiene(bad teeth), malnouristhe, foul breath

․ Ate dark coarse bread, arrival of corn in 1410 from the New world

․ Potatoes appeared in Spain in 1573(Italy -1601)

․ Serfdom lingered in easter Europe and Russia

․ Some Peasants owned land, valued at 600-2,000 livres

 

<Burghers of Europe>

․ Nobility / Patricians : 5~6% of community

․ Clergy up to 10% in town, 2-4% throughout Europe

․ Merchants, skilled artisans, shop owner, lawyers and teachers

․ Apprentices, Journeyman, gardeners, servants....

 

<Babylonian Captivity> 1305-1374

Pre-captivity

․ In 1292, pope Nicholas Ⅳ dies

․ in 1294, Cardinals deadlocked over successor

․ Pope Celestine Ⅴ elected, the hermit it stays at Naples instead of Rome then abdicates

․ Pope Boniface Ⅷ(1294-1303) elected and tries to excommunicate king Philip Ⅳ of France. Philip captured the pope. The pope is rescued but died three days later still in shock.

․ Clement Ⅴ(1305-1314) elected. He's French and moves the papal head quarters from Rome to Avignon

․ Six more Popes get elected and then resided in Avignon on and off before the west Schism.

․ Gregory Ⅺ(1370-1378) the last of these seven legitimate popes moved the papal seat back to Rome in 1376, and then decided to move it back to Avignon, but he died in 1378, the western schism begins.

 

 

<The Great Schism>

Roman	Avignon(1378-1417)	Conciliar
UrbanⅥ(1378-89) BonifaceⅨ(1389-1404) InnocentⅦ(1404-06) GregoryⅫ(1406-15)	Clement Ⅶ(1378-94) Benedict ⅩⅢ(1334-1417)	Alexsander ⅴ(1409-10) John ⅩⅩⅢ(1410-15) Martin Ⅴ(1417-31)

Grey font- anti Pope

 

Who has the final authority over the Church?

The Pope or the council?

The Counciliar Movement after the council of Constance(1414-1418)

 

 

<John Hus> 1372-1415

HRE(Holy Roman Empire) Sigismund ordered Hus to defend himself at the council of Constance in 1414 with the promise of safe passage

․ Hus arrived and then was imprisoned in Oct 1414.

․ Hus was tried in June 1415 before the council. He was condemned. He must recant or die

․ July 15, 1415, after refusing to recant, he was burned alive in the town market square.

․ Hus followed John Wycliff(1329-1384) who emphasized the authority of Scripture, opposed sale of indulgences and the veneration of images.

․ Very popular preacherand was considered a Czech national hero(Hus - Forerunner of the Reformed)

 

 

<Hussites>

․ 452 Bohemian nobles sent a protesting letter to HRE Sigismund

․ Sigismund created a crusade against the Hussites(and Wycliffites)

․ Sigismund could not conquer them the Hussites were able to repel the emperor.

․ An internal civil war where the moderates, Utraquists, beat the conservatives, Tabonites. The latter believed in the Sacraments; Baptism and Communion

․ The Utraquists demanded from the Catholic Church that they were able to take communion in both kinds(bread and wine)

․ The council of Basel permitted this in 1436 and allowed some reconciliation between the Hussites and the Catholic Church.

 

 

<Borgia>

․ Italian Family with Spanish orgins Pope Caliistus Ⅲ 1455

․ Alfonso Borgia(1378-1458)

․ Rodrigo Borjia(1431-1503) - pope Alexander Ⅵ(1492)

 

 

<Alexander's Children> - Cesare Borja

 

 

<Medici of Florence>

Giovanni

 

 

<Habsburg of Austria(HRE)>

 

 

<Spanish Inquisition> 스페인 이단심문

․ Began in 1478. Sixtus Ⅳ gave Ferdinard and Isabella the authority to suppress heresy in spain and question recent concerts - Jews, Muslim(Moor)

․ Fray Thomas Torquemada(1420-1498)

․ Prevented the penetration of protestantism and enlightenment in Spain. Abolished in 1820 with the spanish revolution.

 

 

<Overseas Expansion>

- Portuguese Expansion (1400) sailing around Africa to the East

- Pince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)

․ New trade route to Asia

․ Presstor John - mythical Christian king of in Africa

- Vasco da Gama(1469-1524) -India

․ Spanish dominance with the Americas

- Christopher columbus(1451-1506) -America

- Spanish Conquistadors -Inca Society destruction.

 

 

<Kingdoms of Europe>

․ HRE German(Habsburg)

England / France / Spain

 

 

<Britain>

Tudors of England	Stewarts of Scotland
Henry Ⅶ Henry Ⅷ(Renaissance King) Edward Ⅵ Lady Jare Grey Mary Elizabeth	James Ⅳ James Ⅴ Mary, Queen of Scottland   James Ⅵ

 

 

<France>

Louis Ⅻ

Francis Ⅰ(Renaissance King)

Henry Ⅱ - Catherine Medici(marry)

Francis Ⅱ

Charles Ⅸ

Herny Ⅲ

 

Bourbon - Henry Ⅳ -Marrie Medici(marry)

 

 

<Wars>

․ Hundred years war(1337-1453)

- English kings claimed the French throne

- Calais, France After the was, Eng occupation in Norther France receded except Calais

 

․ War of the Roses(1455-1485)

- Eng civil war

- Houses of York(White) vs Lancaster(Red)

 

․ Italian Wars(1494-1559)

- Habsburg HRE vs Spain

 

 

<Printing Press>

․ paper comes to Europe(12th from the East)

․ Johann Gutenberg(1398-14) printed the 42-line bible

․ Largest printing centers in the 16C - Venice(2) / Paris(3) / Lyon

 

 

<Plague>

The plague

․ Contagious bacterial diseases characterized by fever, delirium with the formation of buboes and sometimes the infection of the lungs

․ The black death (1347-1350)

- Wares of plague epidemics brought by rat-infested ships from the east. Fleas infected and bit people

- The Plague continued to come and go well into the 16C.

 

 

<Habsburg + Tratamara = Habsburg>

German + Austria + Netherlands